Warm October handed the baton over November, the last autumn month. In the first decade, numerous unprecedented highs of warmth were recorded all over the ETR, and the decade-averaged temperature anomalies in Central Russia and in the south of the ETR reached +4…6° or more degrees. In the second decade, the Arctic colds permeated to the north of the ETR, and the decade-averaged temperature anomalies became negative in the Murmansk Region and in Karelia, while in Central Russia, the air temperatures were about normal. The abnormal warmth was still observed in the south only, even though the anomalies themselves were noticeably weaker now. The third decade was the point when an avalanche of colds triggered in the north and in the northern regions of Central Russia to produce new daily temperature minima in the Kaliningrad Region and to bring the frosts down to -27° in Karelia. The decade-averaged temperatures in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Regions and in Karelia were 2-6° less than normal. But in the south, the weather was untimely warm again, setting new daily maxima in the Lower Volga, the Luhansk and Rostov Regions and the Krasnodar Territory, and raising the thermometer readings above +20° to create new daily highs in some places.

Throughout the month, above-normal decade-averaged temperatures were observed along the Arctic coast from Yamal to Yakutia. In Siberia, the beginning and the end of November were cold. As early as in the first decade of the month, frosts reached -30…-40° in the Irkutsk Region, in Yakutia and in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory, and -22° in the Kemerovo Region in the south of Siberia. November ended with the record-breaking frosts in the Khabarovsk Territory, but the weather in the middle of the month was considerably warmer than usual in Siberia. The air temperature averages in the second decade were 6-13° higher than normal. The Irtysh River, with its average freezing date taken for November 17 in the Omsk region, was still rolling its water flows in the middle of the third decade.

In the Far East, the weather in Primorye, along the Sea of Okhotsk coast and in Kamchatka was almost always colder than usual.

In terms of final monthly averages, warmth prevailed over cold in most of Russia, by two to four or more degrees in the central and southern ETR areas, in Siberia, Yakutia, Kolyma and Kamchatka. The north-western regions (Karelia, the Murmansk and partially the Arkhangelsk Regions), the southern areas of the Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions, Sakhalin and the adjacent areas of Primorye and the Khabarovsk Territory were the only ones to receive less heat than normal.

The November temperature averaged over all Russia closes up the top five highest in the history of regular meteorological observations in the country, i.e., since 1891. According to the meteorological chronicle, this month was the fifth warmest November in the Asian Territory of Russia, the second warmest in the Northern Caucasus, the third warmest in the south of Russia and in the north of the Far East, and the fifth warmest in the Volga region.

November finished the calendar autumn to make it the second warmest in the history of meteorological observations in Russia where autumn 2020 was the only one even warmer. This time, the average November temperature was higher than normal almost everywhere across the country: by 1-2° higher in the ETR and by 2-4° higher in Siberia, Yakutia and Chukotka. The only regions where the weather was somewhat colder than usual were Karelia and the Murmansk Region. This autumn was the second warmest in the Asian Territory of Russia, as well as in Siberia, the Volga region and the Urals separately, and the third warmest in the Southern and Caucasian Federal Districts.

In foreign Asia, the air temperatures were above-normal throughout almost the entire territory, with the exception of the eastern regions of Mongolia and the north-eastern regions of China located at the border with the Russian Federation.

In China, high positive anomalies were recorded in most of the country against the background of close-to-normal monthly-averaged temperatures; in the north-west, these anomalies exceeded 2-3°, and were close to the ones observed in the centre of Japan on the Honshu Island and in the south of the Hokkaido Island.

The weather in South-East Asia was, if slightly, warmer than usual, except for the parts of Thailand and Myanmar where anomalies reached +2° or more in some locations.

The temperatures in South Asia were basically normal in India and Pakistan.

In Central Asia and in the Near and Middle East, the air temperatures were remarkably higher than normal, by 2-6° from Afghanistan to Kazakhstan, by 2-4° in the Middle East and by two or more degrees in the Near East. During the month, the record-breaking air temperatures were reported again and again in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan; there, the thermometer readings topped above 25-30°. The all-time temperature highs were recorded in Armenia.

The weather in North Africa was notably warmer than usual: the monthly-averaged air temperatures were two or more degrees higher than normal from the Mediterranean coast to Mali, Niger and Chad, and were also, albeit that slightly, above the normal values in the rest of the territory. As a result, this November in South Africa became the warmest in the history of meteorological observations.

In most of Europe, the weather was moderately warm, with the temperature averages close to normal. The only exceptions were the south-east where it was noticeably warmer than usual, and the Scandinavian or Baltic countries where it was noticeably colder. In the first days of the month, new temperature maxima were recorded in the central part of Ukraine, and in the last days, in Sicily, Malta and Spain. According to Spanish meteorologists, no such warmth in November has been ever observed before. Sometimes, the thermometers indicated up to +25° or higher values as if it were summer.

In Canada, this November was very warm, at the fourth position in the ranking list compiled since 1891. The monthly-averaged temperatures in the central and north-western parts of the country were 2-4 or more degrees above the normal values. The United States, a southern neighbour of Canada, was obliged to get along with close-to-normal air temperatures against the background of positive anomalies in most of the country, and of weakly negative ones in the north-east only. The states south of the Great Lakes, from Wisconsin to Tennessee, entered the top ten in the list of warmest in history, and Indiana was the third in that list.

The average temperature in the Arctic was ranked the third highest for 133 years of observations.

November 2023, just like the months preceding it, became the warmest in the history of meteorological observations.

The same can be said about this autumn. Its average temperatures exceeded the normal values everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere save for Scandinavia and individual water areas: by 1-2° in Africa, by 2-3° in Europe and Asia, by 1-2° in most of North America and by up to 2-5° in its north-western part, namely, in Canada. Autumn 2023 became the warmest in history of North Africa, Europe, China, Canada and Italy, was the warmest in Athens, the second warmest in Russia and Germany, in the Netherlands and in India, and the third warmest in the Arctic.

In Moscow, the average November temperature was +0.7°, with an anomaly of +1.2°. Autumn was warm: it was among the top ten warmest in the meteorological annals of the capital.

El Niño, the warm phase of the Southern Oscillation, persevered at the eastern equatorial latitudes of the Pacific Ocean. The average SST anomaly was +0.5° when El Niño started in May, and then increased each month to reach +1.8° in the El Niño zone, and to exceed 2° closer to the equator. The other areas of the Pacific Ocean exhibiting high positive SST anomalies of +1-2 or more degrees were the temperate latitudes and the Asian coast. Eventually, the average surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere reached its absolute maximum this November. This was observed for the second month in succession.

The absolute maximum of the monthly-averaged SST was reached in the Atlantic Ocean as well. Notably, it was observed for the eleventh month in a row, i.e. since the beginning of 2023. The monthly-averaged SST was above-normal in almost the entire water area including marginal seas. Small enclaves with negative SST anomalies were located at the temperate latitudes.

This November, a lot of precipitation fell in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the normal monthly amount was collected everywhere save for the Republic of Khakassia and the Irkutsk Region, and was exceeded by 2-3 or more times in the southern regions of the Central Federal District, by 1.5-2 times in the Volga Federal District, by 2.0-3.5 times in the Southern Federal District, by 1.5-2.0 times in the North-Caucasian Federal District, by 2.0-2.5 times in the Luhansk and Donetsk Republics as well as in the Zaporozhye Region, and by 2.0-2.5 times in the south of the Far Eastern Federal District. In the rest of the Russian Federation, precipitation was normal.

Enormous bulks of atmospheric moisture repeatedly hit the same regions of the country. In the first decade, these regions were Central Russia and Primorye. The daily precipitation quantities were up to 30 mm in the Black Earth region, and exceeded twice the normal monthly amount, i.e., 60 mm, in some locations of Primorye where the rains continued in the second decade. By this time, they reached Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, accompanied with wet snow. Heavy rains (up to 20-40 mm per day) took place in the Crimea, and ample snowfalls that buried the Volga region were observed in Central Russia. The height of freshly fallen snow sometimes reached 20 cm in places. In the third decade, new maxima of precipitation totals were recorded.

The weather in most of China was dry; atmospheric moisture was only received in the eastern and north-eastern provinces of the country, as well as in neighbouring Mongolia. Precipitation in Japan was close to normal.

In South-East Asia, the weather was mostly dry.

The precipitation figures in India may be considered significant.

Precipitation was normal or increased in the Middle East, and normal or decreased in the Near East. Heavy rains fell in Turkey, bringing 65 mm of rainwater to Istanbul for the daily hours of November 29 and the following night ending on November 30. This amounted to 70% of the normal monthly quantity.

Almost no rain fell in Central Asia and North Africa.

With the exception of the Scandinavian countries and of Spain, a lot of rain went to Europe where the normal amounts were exceeded by 1.5-2.0 or more times. New daily maxima of precipitation totals were recorded in Ukraine. Torrential rains poured in the north of France and the south-west of England, bringing up to half the normal monthly precipitation amount per day and raising the water levels in rivers above the record-breaking marks. The resulting floods caused numerous damages. Heavy rains were also observed in the Balkan countries and Greece where up to 50 mm of rainwater could fall in a single day. In the Alps, heavy snowfalls passed as early as in the first decade, covering the ski slopes at once. The height of freshly fallen snow reached one metre or more.

In Canada, precipitation was abundant in the north-west of the country (in the Yukon province); the weather in the rest of its territory was dry, as it was the case in most of the US. Rains fell in the central regions of Mexico and on the Yucatan Peninsula, bringing more than twice the normal monthly amount in places.

The monthly precipitation total in Moscow was 94 mm, amounting to 180% of the normal monthly figure. The overall quantity accumulated in autumn was 228 mm, which was the fourth total in the history of meteorological observations.